Do you or someone you care about struggle with extreme mood swings, swinging from feeling on top of the world to deep lows? Do you sometimes engage in risky behaviors during these “highs” that later lead to regret? If this sounds familiar, you might be facing the symptoms of bipolar disorder. Unfortunately, many people dismiss or downplay these signs, but ignoring them won’t help. With proper diagnosis and treatment, individuals with bipolar disorder can live fulfilling, productive lives.
What is Bipolar Disorder?
Previously known as manic-depressive illness, bipolar disorder is a brain condition marked by significant shifts in mood, energy, and activity levels. These mood swings can last for days, weeks, or even months. People with bipolar disorder experience periods of elevated or irritable mood, followed by neutral or depressed states.
The elevated mood is known as mania or hypomania. During manic episodes, individuals may feel unusually happy or irritable. Depressive episodes, on the other hand, bring intense sadness, low energy, and sometimes suicidal thoughts.
Types of Bipolar Disorder
There are three main types of bipolar disorder: bipolar I, bipolar II, and cyclothymic disorder.
Bipolar I Disorder
Bipolar I disorder is characterized by at least one manic episode, which can significantly impair daily functioning. People with this type may also experience hypomanic or depressive episodes.
Manic Episode Symptoms:
- Extremely elevated or irritable mood lasting at least a week
- Inflated self-esteem
- Reduced need for sleep (3-4 hours per night)
- Fast, pressured speech
- Racing thoughts
- Hyperactivity or restlessness
- Risky behaviors, such as spending sprees, substance misuse, or reckless driving
Hypomanic Episode Symptoms:
Hypomania includes milder symptoms than a manic episode, lasting at least four days. These symptoms don’t significantly disrupt daily life but are noticeable.
Major Depressive Episode Symptoms:
- Prolonged sadness or emotional numbness
- Loss of interest in enjoyable activities
- Changes in appetite and weight
- Trouble sleeping or excessive sleep
- Difficulty concentrating
- Suicidal thoughts or actions
Bipolar II Disorder
Those with bipolar II disorder experience at least one major depressive episode and one hypomanic episode. The depressive symptoms tend to lead individuals to seek treatment, as hypomanic episodes may feel productive or even enjoyable. Co-occurring conditions like anxiety or substance abuse can worsen symptoms.
Cyclothymic Disorder
Cyclothymic disorder is a milder form of bipolar disorder, involving frequent mood swings over a period of at least two years. While the mood swings are less severe than in bipolar I or II, they can still disrupt daily life.
Treatment for Bipolar Disorder
Effective treatment for bipolar disorder combines medication and therapy. Mood stabilizers help regulate the brain’s chemical signals, preventing extreme mood swings. Psychotherapy is crucial for helping individuals understand and manage their condition.
Therapy can teach:
- How to recognize early warning signs of mood swings
- Coping strategies for mood management
- The importance of medication adherence
- Healthy lifestyle changes to stabilize moods
- Building a support system that understands bipolar disorder
Get Help for Bipolar Disorder Today
If you or a loved one is experiencing signs of bipolar disorder, it’s essential to seek help. Ignoring the symptoms can lead to further challenges. I can support you in finding a healthier balance through therapy and working with your treatment team. Contact me today to start building a more stable, productive future.
